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Scientists Discover Matter Jet From Black Hole 50 Times Bigger Than Its Galaxy_我的网站

一 |      8 月 26 日消息，据新华社今日报道，首都师范大学生命科学学院昆虫演化与环境变迁教育部创新团队联合国内外多个科研团队，通过对内蒙古宁城县道虎沟地区侏罗纪时期化石螽斯的研究，首次证实昆虫超声波通讯在距今 1.65 亿年前的中侏罗世已经出现。    One of the largest black hole jets in the sky has been uncovered by astronomers at Western Sydney University, new research published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society has revealed.,According to the paper, in terms of distance from Earth, the galaxy NGC2663 is close by at just 93 million light-years.,With nearly ten times as many stars as our own Milky Way, it has the recognizable oval shape of a "typical" elliptical galaxy when viewed through a standard telescope. Led by astronomer Velibor Velovic of Western Sydney University, the research team used CSIRO's Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), a system of 36 connected radio dishes acting as a single super-telescope in Western Australia, to make their findings.,A core black hole's jet of material is visible in the radio waves as it leaves the galaxy. If our eyes could see it in the night sky, it would be larger than Earth's moon. This powerful torrent of material is approximately 50 times larger than the galaxy, stretched over almost 1 million light-years, according to the research.,The process studied by the scientists is rather similar to an effect seen in jet engines. The surrounding pressure pushes the exhaust plume from the sides as it rockets through the vacuum. As a result, the jet pulsates while expanding and contracting. Regular bright spots in the jet, called "shock diamonds" due to their shape, were observed by the team.,The flow glows brighter as it constricts.,Shock diamonds have been observed in smaller, galaxy-sized jets as well as in jet engines. Jets have been observed slamming into dense gas clouds, illuminating them as they pass through. However, a more subtle effect that makes it more difficult to see is the restriction of jets from the sides.,The paper underscored that astronomers have not observed this effect on such massive scales before NGC2663. This reportedly demonstrates that NGC2663 is surrounded by enough matter to push against the sides of the jet. The substance is then heated and pressurized by the jet.,A feedback loop is created when intergalactic matter enters a galaxy, which then creates a black hole that releases a jet. In turn, the jet decreases the inflow of intergalactic matter into galaxies. As the universe expands, these jets have an impact on how gas condenses into galaxies.,The Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey, which is also credited with discovering a new category of enigmatic astronomical object known as a "Odd Radio Circle," is still scanning the space.,‘Best Physical Models Can’t Fit The Data’: Radio Bursts Detected in Space ‘Defy’ Existing Theories7 August, 14:45 GMT。相关研究成果于 2026 年 8 月 26 日在线发表于《美国科学院院刊》（PNAS）。研究团队选取了燕辽生物群中 9 种、20 件雄性螽斯前翅标本，与现仅分布在四川的螽斯孑遗类群长生铁鸣螽进行对照研究。

二 | 团队搭建了“化石翅形态 — 翅共振模拟 — 音节重构 — 鸣声时序预测”的古动物声学重建流程，用以复原远古昆虫完整鸣声的声学特征。论文共同通讯作者、首都师范大学教授任东介绍，9 种化石螽斯的鸣声频率覆盖 5kHz 至 20.5kHz 区间，其中 5 个物种为 5kHz 至 7kHz 的低频纯音，其余 4 个物种分布于 8kHz 至 20.5kHz 的中高频区间。化石物种奇异曲阿博鸣螽的载波频率可达 20.5kHz，证实中侏罗世已存在真正意义上的超声通讯类昆虫。

三 | 此前学界长期认为，超声通讯类昆虫是为应对蝙蝠捕食而演化形成的。该项研究明确了超声通讯类昆虫的演化起源发生在蝙蝠出现之前，比始新世蝙蝠早出现超过 1 亿年。

四 | 研究还发现，9 种化石螽斯的鸣叫声频谱范围异常狭窄，即“纯音”（注：指频率成分单一的声波）。这种纯音鸣唱会降低捕食者对声源的定位能力 —— 侏罗纪早期哺乳动物虽具备一定高频听觉，但其中耳结构对纯音的方位分辨能力较弱。因此，侏罗纪螽斯演化出纯音鸣唱，被认为是对抗捕食者窃听的关键演化适应。

五 | 任东团队与英国布里斯托大学曾于 2012 年首次复原了道虎沟地区中侏罗世螽斯物种“悦耳古鸣螽”的鸣叫声。此次新成果不仅首次证实昆虫超声波通讯已在侏罗纪时期出现，还完整重建了史前森林螽斯群落的声景。

六 | 任东表示，该研究“穿越 1.65 亿年听见侏罗纪时期的虫鸣”，建立起中生代昆虫-哺乳类双向声学选择的新理论，完善了陆地动物听觉与发声协同演化体系。附论文地址：
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2615107123。

七 |

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