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台湾京剧名家魏海敏：“梅兰芳京剧团是我在大陆的家”_我的网站

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一 | AI摘要为庆祝梅兰芳京剧团成立80周年，台湾京剧名家魏海敏在京连演三天大戏。她以精湛技艺呈现多部经典，致敬恩师梅葆玖，并深情表示剧团是其“在大陆的家”。在北京京剧院梅兰芳京剧团成立80周年之际，梅葆玖开门弟子、台湾京剧名家魏海敏携手梅兰芳京剧团，于北京国家大剧院连演3天大戏——《王熙凤大闹宁国府》《穆桂英挂帅》《赵氏孤儿》。《穆桂英挂帅》演毕，魏海敏（中）与梅兰芳京剧团众演员谢幕。

二 | “从1991年拜师开始，梅兰芳京剧团是我在大陆的家。”魏海敏说，35年过去了，京剧团当家人换了几任，同台的演员、乐队等老师也换了好几任，对她的支持与呵护却从未褪色。京剧《穆桂英挂帅》脱胎于同名豫剧，1959年由梅兰芳等艺术家改编打磨，同年在北京首演，是梅兰芳晚年代表作。梅兰芳通过《捧印》等经典段落，以凝重而富有层次的表演，将穆桂英从犹豫到家国情怀觉醒的内心冲突刻画得入木三分。

Japan as soon as this week will begin the controversial release of treated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean.

The Japanese government approved the plan two years ago, saying it is necessary to decommission the power plant, which is operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company. Releases will start Thursday “if they encounter no obstacles,” Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced this week.

“I have asked TEPCO to swiftly prepare for the water discharge in accordance with the plan approved by the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and expect the water release to start on Aug. 24, weather conditions permitting,” Kishida said.

Despite pushback from neighboring nations and fishing groups, Japanese officials said the plan is safe.

What Is the Release Process?

The wastewater has gone through treatment and is stored in large tanks. Japanese officials say the water needs to be removed so the plant can be decommissioned.

The water will be diluted and released through an underwater tunnel off the coast of Japan. Officials say it will not be near areas where routine fishing occurs.

The entire process is expected to take decades.

Is the Treated Water Safe?

The release plan has been approved by Japan’s nuclear regulation agency and given the go-ahead by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the global nuclear watchdog.

The IAEA’s two-year review of the plan – which involved sampling and testing the treated water – found it to be consistent with the agency’s safety standards with “negligible” impacts to humans and the environment.

“Based on its comprehensive assessment, the IAEA has concluded that the approach and activities to the discharge of ALPS treated water taken by Japan are consistent with relevant international safety standards,” IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi said in a statement last month.

“Furthermore, the IAEA notes the controlled, gradual discharges of the treated water to the sea, as currently planned and assessed by TEPCO, would have a negligible radiological impact on people and the environment,” he added.

The agency will monitor the water’s release and have a continuous presence on-site at the discharge facility.

“This will ensure the relevant international safety standards continue to be applied throughout the decades-long process laid out by the Government of Japan and TEPCO,” Grossi said.

Nearly all radioactivity has been removed from the treated water – except tritium.

Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen that occurs naturally and is also a byproduct of producing electricity at nuclear power plants. It cannot be filtered out of the nuclear wastewater.

Japan plans to dilute the water to bring the level of tritium below regulatory standards. This practice is done at other nuclear power plants, including in the U.S.

One of the biggest critics of the plan is Beijing, a top consumer of exports from Japanese fisheries. Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin recently called Japan’s decision “selfish and irresponsible.”

“In disregard of the strong concerns and firm opposition from the international community, the Japanese government announced the decision to start releasing the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water into the ocean from Aug. 24,” Wang said during a press conference this week, according to a transcription. “This is extremely selfish and irresponsible, as the discharge will spread the risks of nuclear contamination to the rest of the world. And by doing so, Japan is putting its selfish interests above the long-term well being of the entire humanity. China is gravely concerned and strongly opposed to this.”

Hong Kong’s leader this week said the city would "immediately activate" import controls on Japanese seafood to begin on Thursday – the same day as the planned water release.

South Korean activists have also protested the plan, but Seoul recently concluded from its own study that there aren’t any scientific issues.

"Our government has judged that the Japanese side will discharge the contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant as originally planned and has determined that there are no scientific or technical problems with the planned discharge of the contaminated water," Office for Government Policy Coordination Park First Deputy Park Ku-yeon said this week.

Asked about the situation during a trilateral meeting with President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Kishida at Camp David last week, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol answered diplomatically but with obvious concern – assigning the issue the “highest priority” and calling for transparency.

“The Fukushima plant's treated water, if it's going to have some type of impact, it would flow through the entire Pacific Ocean having an impact not just on our three countries but all countries around the world,” Yoon said through a translator. “As such, for the sake of safety and health of the people of our three countries and all members of the international community, that should be something that we need to place the highest priority on. Regarding this treated water, based on scientific principles, all of the processing should be carried out accordingly. And at the same time, internationally recognized and reliable IAEA's investigation results are something that we can trust. And I would like to make sure that everything is conducted and carried out in accordance with the procedures established by the IAEA.”

Japan’s plan has faced strong opposition from local fishing groups.

Kishida met with leaders of the Japanese fishery industry on Monday to pledge long-term support for fishing communities.

But Masanobu Sakamoto, head of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives, said his group remained opposed to the plan, even though some members have gained confidence about its safety.

“Scientific safety and the sense of safety are different,” Sakamoto said. “Even if it’s safe, reputational damage occurs.”

What Was the 2011 Fukushima Disaster?

A magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the coast of Japan triggered a tsunami that hit the Fukushima power plant, triggering meltdowns in three reactors that contaminated the cooling water.

The accident was given the highest rating on the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale due to the high radioactive releases from the plant.

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三 | 该剧塑造了雍容大度、刚毅深沉的穆桂英形象，极大丰富了梅派美学内涵，至今仍是检验梅派传人艺术造诣的试金石。《王熙凤大闹宁国府》是京剧表演艺术家童芷苓的代表作。她以荀派的气度，通过大开大合的表现，将“明是一盆火，暗是一把刀”的王熙凤刻画得入木三分。《赵氏孤儿》是北京京剧院保留剧目，戏剧张力十足。北京京剧院前辈大师马连良、谭富英、裘盛戎、张君秋都在剧中有过经典的演绎。

四 | 本次演出中，魏海敏饰演剧中庄姬公主，这是她首次在大陆出演这一角色。 1982年，京沪两地京剧院团联合赴港演出，梅葆玖和童芷苓带领北京京剧院和上海京剧院的名角们在戏院连演半个月。

五 | 彼时已是“台湾最忙全才旦角”的魏海敏，一场不落地追了每一部戏，其中就有《穆桂英挂帅》和《王熙凤大闹宁国府》。首次亲睹梅葆玖演出，魏海敏深觉震撼，决心将京剧表演作为毕生志业。 1991年，魏海敏随两岸交流大潮来到北京，向梅葆玖正式行梨园传统拜师礼。作为梅葆玖开门弟子，她亲炙恩师真传，潜心学习整理传统梅派戏。1996年，魏海敏凭借梅派经典剧目《宇宙锋》《贵妃醉酒》，摘获中国戏剧表演艺术最高奖“梅花奖”。2005年，魏海敏又以《四郎探母》《玉堂春》获上海“白玉兰戏剧奖”。在台湾，她探索京剧创新的诸多可能，被誉为“全能旦角”“千变青衣”。“梅派艺术的核心价值，是在既有的基础上精益求精，探索创作的多种可能性。”魏海敏说。 2003年，魏海敏在台湾复排《王熙凤大闹宁国府》，首演即引起轰动。

六 | 作为京剧界公认的“演技派”，她以梅派的雍容为底色，融入荀派的灵动泼辣，凭着自身卓越的角色塑造力，将王熙凤的多面人性演绎得淋漓尽致。 8月8日是梅兰芳逝世65周年纪念日，今年也是梅葆玖逝世10周年。当晚戏码《穆桂英挂帅》是魏海敏演出最多的梅派剧目之一，也是她1993年首次在北京举办个人专场演出时的剧目之一。随着纪念梅葆玖的音乐《梨花颂》响起，魏海敏与众演员款款谢幕。魏海敏说，30多年来，梅兰芳京剧团在演出中给她的协助和指点，让她非常感恩。“梅葆玖老师离开10年了，除了感念，还是希望自己能把戏演得更好。”（记者张盼文/图）。

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